Typewriting machine



M. C. CRWLEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE original Filed June 11, 1919 5 sheets-Sheet P f7 Y 600g n Ue nto-1 a ff 0" y ai 352" www July 29, 1924.

M. c. cRAWLr-:Y

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Originalv Filed June ll 1919 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 July 29 1924.

WlA vC. CRAWLEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Original Filed June ll, 1919 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Wwf M4 C. CRAWLEY TYPEWRlTTNG MACHINE 5 Smets-Sheet 5 Original Filed June l, l9l9 Patented July 29, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MANSFIHJD C. CRAWLEY, 0F GROTON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO ADDOGRAPH COM- PANY, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION 0F CALIFORNIA.

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Application led J'une 11, 1919, Serial No. 303,422. Renewed July 31,1922. Serial No. 578,848.

To all "whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MANsFInLn C. CRAW- LEY, a citizen of the United States, and resident of, Groton, county of Tompkins, and State of New York, have invented certainl new and useful Improvements in Typewriting Machines, of which the following is a specification.

i This invention relates to improvements in case-shift mechanism for typewriting machines, and more particularly to means for shifting the platen vertically to provide for printingl ditferentcase characters.

In Patent No. 1,156,061, dated October 12, 1915, a power-operated typewriting machine is shown in which the type bars are moved to the printing point by meansof an intermittent] operating motor controlled by a constant y running motor. The platen shift mechanism described herein is particularly adapted for use in machines of the type shown 'in said patent .and application, but it will be obvious that itjmay be applied to other forms of machines.- provided with a suitable motor.

In my Patent No. 1,455,109, dated May 15, 1923, andin my copending applications, Serial No. 188,771, lfiled August 29, 1917, renewed April 16, 1923, allowed January 5,

1924, and Serial No.1316,649, filedugust 11,

1919, renewed January 23, 1924, ower-operated case-shift mechanisms are s own possessing certain features in common with the mechanism shown and described in the present application which is subordinate to said Patent No. 1,455,109 and said a plications, Serial No. 188,771and Serial r o. 316,649, the claims in the present case being confined to subject matter not disclosed in said patent and applications. The objects of the pres- -ent invention are to provide an efficient power-operated key-controlledv case-shift mechanism and independent latches controlled by the keys and arranged on the main frame to lock the shift mechanism in upper and lower case positions, respectively: to provide a power-shift mechanism adapted to )e put. into action by either of two keys and wherein latches are provided for locking the shift frame in both u per and lower' case position, one ofsaid lato es only being releasable by one of the keys while the other key is arranged to release both latches; to provide means for connectin a source'of power with a shift frame an Iindependent actuating devices for operating said connectin means, each of said devices being operab e by a separate key lever and one of said devices being effective to'release a lower case lock for the shift frame while the other device is effective to release both the lower case lock and an upper case lock; and to provide novel means for connecting a motor with a shift frame.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a typewriting machine provided with the improved caseshift mechanism;

Fig. 2 a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 1, but on an enlarged scale, the section beinof taken approximately on the line H ii of Fig. 4;

Fig. 3 a fragmentary. vertical transverse section on the line III-III of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 a fragmentary horizontal Section on the line IV-f-IV of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 a' detail perspective View of a part of the mechanism for connecting the platen moving means with the power shaft; and

Figs. 6 and 7 detail views illust-rating the operation of the two bails and the devices controlled thereby.

Referring to the various parts' by numerals, 1 designates the side members, 2 the rear wall, and 3 the 'front plate`of the frame of the machine. A frame bar 4- extends transversely of themachine, said bar bein held at its ends to the side members 1. power shaft 5 is journaled in suitable bearings iu brackets 69 in the frame, and said shaft is continuously rotated when the machine is in use by a pulley 6driven by a belt lThe platen carriage 11 is supported to travel transversely of the frame, the frame being provided with raceway ,members 14 and 15 and the carriage being provided with cooperating racewayv members 12 and 13. Suitable ball bearings are confined in the raceways formed. by saidl members. The forward end of the carriage is sup orted by a roller 16 heldpto the front cross ar 17 of the carriage midway the length of the carsaid plane, it will be obvious that the platen vthe forward ends of a pair of rock arms 22 held to a rock shaft 23 which is journaled at its ends in the side members of the carriage 11. The platen shaft also extends through and is journaled in the side members 24 of a U-shaped shift frame. The members 24 of the shift frame are connected at their forward ends by a crossbar 25, and the rock arms 22 are rigidlyx connected by a rod 26. The rock arms are provided with extensions 22a normally resting on a pair' of adjustable stop screws 27' tapped through lugs 28 ex'- tending inwardly from the side members of the carriage to support the platen in its normal lower-case position. The extensions 22 on the rock arms 22 are adapted to `en gage a air of adjustable'stop screws 29 tapped t rough lugs 30 extending inwardly from the side members of the carriage 11 to limit the upward movement of the shift frame and arrest the platen at its uppercase position. The carriage is provided with a rack 31 meshing with a pinion 32 on a shaft 33. A bevel gear 34 on shaft 33 'meshes with bevel gears 35 and 36 loosely mounted on shaft 5, the carriage heilig shiftable transversely of the frame, for letter spacing and for returning the same, by suitable mechanism such as that described in my co-pending applications Serial Nos. 188,770 and 188,772 filed August 29, 1917. The axis of the rock shaft 23 is so positioned relatively to the axis of the platen shaft 20 that the platen shaft will move from a point below the plane of the rock shaft to a point an equal distance above the plane of the rock shaft when the platen is moved to uppercase position. Means is provided for insuring such a case shift movement of the platen that the printing point will mo've between two positions in direct vertical alignment, said means embodying a pair of pins 37- projecting outwardly from the side members 24 of the shift frame and engaging in vertical guideways formed by two pairs of verticalribs 38 on the inner sides of the side members of the platen carriage 11. As the platen shaft 20 swings through an arc from a point below the plane of the axis of rock shaft 23 to a point an equal distance above shaft and pins '37 will be in vertical alignmentin both the upper and lower case positions of the platen.

The rod 26, held to rock arms 22, rests upon a roller 39 journaled on the shank of a'screw 40 held to the upper portion 41 of a vertically reciprocable two-part bar.' The portion 41 of the' bar is provided with a,

I with a short .slot 46 in which a lugl 47 on the lower endof the upper portion 41 of the bar engages. A spring 48 coiled about theoverlapping ends of the two parts of the bar serves. to normally maintain said parts in extended relation, but permits a slight telescoping movement of the parts of the bar upon engagement of the extensions 22a on rock arms 22 with the stops 29, the extent of movement of the bar being preferably slightl greater than the extent of movement o the platen, to insure movement A'of the printing point to proper upper-case position. Thel telescoping of the parts of the bar serves also to prevent jammin or injury to theparts of the shift mechanism, which might otherwise result from inaccuracies in adjustment or size of various parts upon engagement of extensions 22a with stops 29. The parts 41 and 45 of the shift frame lifting bar are formed with pairs of lugs 41 a and 45 respectively, forming abutments against which the ends of the spring 48 engage.

The shift frame lifting bar is slidably held to two brackets 49 and 50 by screws 51 and 52 extending through vertical slots 53 and 54 in the bar and threaded into said brackets. The brackets 49 and 50 are. formed on a vertical frame member 55 and said member pivot pin 62 with one `arm 63 of a bell-crank lever. The bell-crank lever is pivotally held to the forward end of a bracket 64 by a pivot screw 65, and one end of a wormengaging dog 66 is pivotally held to the other arm 67 of the bell-crank lever by a screw68. The free end of the dog 66 is normally supported in a notch 70 in a guide plate 71. The guide plate 71 is held to` a bracket 72 fixed to a part of the machine frame. f

The dog 66 is provided with a lateral projection or lug 73 adapted to be engaged by a shoulder 74 formed adjacent the upper end of the upperportion 7 5a of a two-part vertically reciprocable dog-lifting bar 75. The lower part of bar 75 is slidably held against the outer face of a boss 76, formed on the rear side of the transverse frame bar 4, by two screws 77 passing through slots 78 in 'the bar. The lower end of the dog-lifting bar is bent forwardly to form a foot, projection or abutment 79, and said-bar is adapted to be forced upwardly to engage the hook end 66a of dog 66 with worm 10 through the instrumentality of either of three shift-key levers 80, 81 and 82 fulcrumed on a Ypivot rod 83 held at its ends to the side members 1 of the machine frame. The shift-key levers and 81 are arranged at the left-hand side of the machine and the shift-ke hand si e ofthe machine. he lever 82 performs the same function as lever 80 and may be omittedif desired. The key levers 80, 8l and 82 are yieldably held intheir normal positions by suitable springs 86. v

The shift-key levers 80 and 82 are provided with inwardly extending lugs or projections 80L and 82%, respectively, engaging under the side members of a U-shaped bail or rocking member 84 pivotally held by pivot screws 86 to brackets 85 secured tothe side members 1 of the machine frame. It is obvious that when either the shift lkey on key lever 8O or key lever 82 is depressed the bail 84 will be lifted, and that when pressure of the finger upon the shift key carried by the lever is relieved the bail will swing downwardly by gravity to its normal position. A rearwardly extending lug or .projection 87 is stamped from the lower edge of the transverse member of bail 84 and engages under the foot or forwardl bent lower end 79 of the dog-lifting bar 5. A U-shaped bail or rocking member 88 is pivotally held by screws 89 to a pair of brackets 90 fixed to' the rear side of frame bar 4. The bail .88 has a forwardly extending lug or projection 91 'stam ed therefrom adjacent one end, under which the inwardly bent lu 81a on shift-key lever 81 engages, and said bail extends below the foot 79 on doglifting bar 75, the upper edge of the bail having a portion thereof cut away at 88 to receive the foot 79. It will be obvious that when the key carried by shift lever 81 is depressed the bail 88 will be lifted, and that when pressure on the key is relieved the bail wil-l returnb gravity to its normal position. 84 and 88 are perable independently of each other. n v

A pair of locking devices or latch levers 92 and `93 are pivotally held intermediate their ends to a forwardly extending arm 56a on'bracket 56,l by a pivot screw 94. The

lever 82 is arranged at\.,the..r.ight-.

It will a so be noted that the bails normal lower-case position. The latch lever 93 is formed with a rearwardly extending projection or lug 93L having a straight u per edge adapted to engage under the lug 5 a to lock the platen and shift frame iny uppercase position,`the upper edge of lug 93a being higher than the straight lower edge of lug 92", and the lower edge of lug 93L being beveled or inclined upwardly and rearwardly as shown to permit lug 5,7a to ride upwardly over sa-id lug 93a. The Ilatch levers 92 and 93 are operated by releasing or controlling levers 95 and 96, respectively, held by a pivot screw 97 to the lower end of bracket 56. The lower edges of both of the releasing or controlling levers 95 and 96 vrest upon the upper edge of the transverse member of bail 84, but it will be seen that lever 96 terminates forwardly of the bail 88. Releasing or controlling lever 95 is formed with a downwardly extending arm 95a at its rear end,iengaging over a forwardly extending lug or projection 98 stamped from the lower edge of bail 88, and the upper edge of bail 88 is slotted at 8,8" to permit relative movement between the bail andV arm 95a when the parts are shifted upwardly as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 .4 The latch lever 92 and its releasing lever 95 are connected by a coiled spring 99, and latch lever 93 and its releasing or controlling lever 96 are connected by asimilar coiled spring 100, said springs servin to yieldably hold the levers in their norma po 'tions The locking lever 92 is formed wit a forwardly and downwardly inclined cam surface 92b adjacent its lower end upon which the laterally bent forward end 95b of releasing lever 95 is adapted to ride. The locking lever 93 is formed adjacent its lower end with two oppositely inclined cam surfaces 93h and 93 upon which ,the laterally bent forward end 96EL of releasing lever 96 is ada ted toride, the cam surface 93h being para lel with cam surface l92b on lever 92 but terminating above the lower end of said cam surface 92".

, When itis desired to shift the platen to 4upper-case position for a comparativel brief period of time to print one or a sma l number of upper-case characters, the'opera tor depresses either the shift key 8()b carried by key lever 80 or the shift key 82" carried by the key lever 82. As the key levers 8O and 82 perform the same-functions, further de- -scription of the operation of .the parts through the medium of lever 82 1s unnecessary. When key 8Ob is depressed the rear end of shift lever 8O is elevated, causlng the-inwardly bent end 80a thereof to rock bail 84 upwardly and thus forcing the dog- `lifting bar 75 upwardly and also rocking the'hooked end 66a of the dog to engage in the threads of worm 10 on the constantly driven shaft 5. When dog 66 is raised the lug 101 thereon moves upwardly through a notch 102 in a horizontal flange 103 on guide plate 71 and passes over the up er face of said flange 103 as the dog is pu led toward the right side of the machine, thus holding the hook 66a in engagement with the Aworm until lug 101 drops off the right-hand edge of flange 103. lThe movement of the dog toward the right-hand side of the machine rocks the bell-crank lever, forcing link 61 downwardly and elevatingthe forward end of lever 57 and thus forces the shift frame lifting bar upwardly and moves the platen to upper-case position. As the forward end of lever 57 moves upwardly, the .lug 96EL on releasing lever 96 leaves the cam surface 93."

on latch 93 and engages theoppositely in-v clined cam surface 93 on the latch, thus permitting the upper end of the latch to move rearwardly ,to its normal position, whereupon the projection 93 on the latch will snap under lug 57 a on lever 57 and positively lock the shifty frame lifting bar and the platen and Shift frame in upper-case position with stops 22@ on arms 22 engaging stopscrews 29 on the platen carriage. The upper and lower sections of bar 75 are pivotally held together by a pin 104, and the upper section75a of said bar is normally held by a spriu)` 106 against a lug 105 formed on one edge of the lower section of the bar, said spring 106 being connected to arm 63 of the bell-crank lever and serving to yieldably hold the section 75a of the bar and the bellcrank lever in their normal positions. vSaid spring also tends to force bar 75 downwardly to its normal position. The spring 106 permits the pivoted upper section 7 5El of bar 7 5v to yield slightly toward the left when lug 73 on` dog 66 is pulled against said section 7 5 by the spring 107 after the dog is disenga ed from the worm, the shoulder 74 bein a ove the path of lug 63 at this time.

-`he' operator holds the key 80" on shift lever 80 in depressed, position until the desired upper-case character or characters have been printed, whereupon the platen may be restored to normal-case position by simply releasing key 80" .and permitting the rear end of lever 80 and'bail 84 to move downwardly to their normal positions. As bail 84 moves downwardly lug 96 on releasing lever 96 rides upwardly along cam surface 93c on latch 93 and then over cam surface 93", thus first moving projection 93a on latch 93 out from under lug 57 a on lever 57, per mitting the platen and shift frame to move downwardly to lower-case position and latch 93 to subsequently move to its normal position. During the restoration`of bail 84 and the platen and shift frame to lower-case position thelug 95" on releasing lever 95- also relieved of the effort of holding said parts in upper-case position, power mechanism being provided for lifting the parts and an automatic latch serving to positively hold and support the parts 1n upper-case position until the key is released.

When it is desired to hold the platen in upper-case position for a relatively long period of time while writing a large number of upper-case characters, the operator depresses and immediately releases the key 81" carried by shift lever 81. The depression of key 81" elevates the rear end of lever 81 and moves bail 88 upwardly. The upward movement of bail 88 lifts bar 75 and also rocks releasing lever 95, but does not move releasing lever 96. The rocking of lever 95 releases hook 92" on latch 92 from lug 57 on lever 57 and the upward movement of bar 75 engages dog 66 `with worm 10, whereupon the platen is moved to uppercase position in the -manner heretofore described. t As the. forward end of lever 57 moves upwardly, lug 5.7 thereonv will wipe over the inclined lower edge of projection 93a on latch 93 and said rojection will snap under lug 57 and lool( the parts in upper-case position. It will be seen, however, that the release of key 81", while it permits bail 88 and releasing lever 95 to return, will not affect releasing lever 93, and

f that thel platen, therefore, will remain locked `position by simply depressing and releasing a ating single key. When it is desired to restore the platen to lower-case position after an operaf tion of key 812, it is simply necessary to depress either of the other two shift keys 80" or 82", whereupon bail 811 will move up, first rocking latch 93 out from under lug 57 a, permitting the platen to move downwardly, and then when the key-lever is released permitting the latches 92 and 93 and releasin levers 95 and 96 to return to their norma positions with hookf 92a on latch 92 engaged over lug 57a. The actuation of bail 84 will also cause an idle operation of bar 75.

Any suitable means may be employed for moving the type bars 108 mounted in the segment 109 upwardiy" and rearwardly to the printing point through the instrumentality of printing key levers 110 such, for example, as that shown and described in the patent and application hereinbefore referred to.

What I claim is:

1. Case shift mechanism for a typewriting machine com risin a main frame, a shift frame, meansl or shi ing said frame, a source of power for actuating said shifting means, means for operativelyconnecting said shifting means with the source of power, means on the main frame for locking said shift frame in lower case position,`in dependent means on the main frame for locking said shift frame in upper case position, and means operable byv a single key for releasing the lower case locking means and actuating said connecting means when the key is depressed and for releasing the upper case locking means when the key is released.

2. Case shift mechanism for a typewriting machine, comprising a shift frame, means for shifting said rame, a source of power for actuatlng said shifting means, means for operatively connecting said shifting means with the source of power, means for locking said shift frame in lower case position, independent means for locking said shift frame in upper case position, two shift control keys, means controlled by one of said keys for releasingthe lower case locking` means and actuating said connecting means when the key is depressed and for releasing the upper case locking means when the ke is released', and independentmeans contro ed by the second key for releasing only the lower case locking means and actusaid connecting means when the second keyis depressed and released.

3. Gase shift mechanism for a typewriting machine, comprisin a shift frame, means for shifting said ame, a source of power for 'actuatlng said shifting means, means-for operatively connecting said shifting means with the source of power, two shift control keys, means for locking said shift frame in lower case position, independlocking means and putting ent means for locking said shift frame in upper case position, means operable by one cont-rol4 key for releasing-.the lowercase locking means and actuating said connect ing means when vthe key is depressed and forreleasing `the upper case locking means when the' key is released, and independent means operable by the second control key for releasing the lower case locking means and actuating said yconnecting meanswhen the second key is depressed and released,

said. first mentioned key operated meansl being operable to release the upper case locking means after an actuation of the second key-operated means.

v 4. Case shift mechanism for a typewriting machine, comprising a shift frame, means for shifting said frame, a source of power for actuating said shifting means, means for operatively connecting said shifting means with` the source of power, two shift control keys, means for locking said shift frame in lower case position, independent means for locking said shift frame in upper case position, means controlled by one of said keysy for releasing the lower case locking lmeans l and actuating said connecting means when the key is depressed and for releasing the .i

upper case locking means when the key isreleased, and independent means controlledjfj by the second key for releasing the .lower case locking means and actuating said connectin means when the second key is depresse and released, said first. mentioned key controlled means being operable to release the upper case locking means after an actuation of the second'key-controlled means without connecting the sourceV of power'with the frameshifting' means.

5. Case shift-mechanism for a typewriting machine comprising a shift frame, means case shift'mechanism, the combination of a worm, power means for rotating the worm, a pivotally` supportedl shift-frame-moving element, a dog pivotally held to said element and extending longitudinally of the worm and movable endwise by the worm, a manuall -reciprocable bar having a slidably heldy portion and a do -engaging portion ivoted to said slidably eld portion, means or yieldingly holding thev plvoted portion of the bar in position to force the dog into the worm, said dog having a laterally eX- tendin lug and said pivoted portion of the bar. be1ng cut away at its free end to form an abutment normally engaging under one face of the lug and an abutment between the lug and the pivoted end of the dog, a spring connecting the dog with said pivotally supported element tending to normally withdraw the dog from the worm, and means for holdin the dog in engagement with the worm or a predetermined travel of the dogv after movement of the dog by the bar into engagement with the wor 7. In a case-shift mechanism, the combination of a power-driven worm, a shift frame moving mechanism including a dog, a manually reciprocable bar having a slidably mounted section and a yieldable dog-engaging section, said bar being movable endwise to shift the dog into engagement with the worm, means for holding the dog in engagement with the worm after an engagement thereof effected by said bar until a predetermined extent of movement of the dog takes lace irrespective 'of return movement of the ar, and means for retracting the dog.

8. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a shift frame, means for shifting said frame, a source of power for operating said shifting means, means for connecting the frame shifting means with the source of power, independent actuating devices for operating said connecting means, a shift key lever for operating one of said actuating devices, a second shift key lever for operating the other actuating device, independent locking devices for automatically locking the shift frame in lower and upper case positions, and independent devices for releasing said locking devices, both of said releasing devices being operatively connected with one of the actuatin devices and the lower case locking device eing also operatively connectedv with the other actuating device.

9. In a ty ewriting machine, thecombination of a shift frame, power operated means for shifting said frame, a pair of independent locking devices for automatically locking the frame in its dii'erent case positions, key operated means for controlling the power operated means o erativel connected to actuate both of said ocking devices, and independent key operated means for controlling the power operated means operatively vconnected to actuate one of said locking devices only.

10. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a shift frame, power-operated lever mechanism for shifting said frame, a pair of inde endent locking devices for automatically ocking the frame in its normal and shifted positions, key-operated means controlling the frame shifting means operanation of a shift frame, a source of power, llever mechanism for elevating the shift frame operable by the source of power and normally disconnected therefrom, a shiftable device for connecting the lever mecha-` nism with the source of power, a pair of independent latches for automaticallyV locking the shift frame in its upper and lower case positions, a pair of shift key levers, means operable by one of said levers for shifting said connecting device and operating both of said latches during a single operation of the lever, and means operable by the other key lever for shifting said connectingdevice and actuating the lower case latch solely durin a single operation of the lever.

12. a ty ewriting machine, the combination of a 'ift frame, independent locking devices for automatically locking ther frame in its lower and upper case positions, a key lever operatively connected to release both of said locking devices, a second key lever operatively connected to release only the lower case locking device, and power operated means for moving the frame to upper case position adapted to be put into action by either of said key levers independently of the other.

13. In' a typewriting machine, the combination of ashift frame, independent locking devices for automatically locking the frame in its lower and upper case positions, a key lever o eratively connected torelease both of said ocking devices, a second key lever operatively connected to release only the lower case locking device, a source of power, means operable by the source of power for moving the frame to upper case position, and a shiftabledevice for connecting the frame moving means with the source of power o erable by either of said key levers indepen ently of the other. y

lf. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a main frame, a shift frame, a

tinuous yoperating power means, a control key, means operated by depression of said key for connecting the shifting mechanism with said power means to eect movement of the shift frame to upper case position, means for automatically effecting disconnection of the shifting mechanism from the power means when the shift frame is shifted into upper case position independentlyk of release of the key, automatic locking means on the main frame for holding the shift frame in lower case position, and automatic shiftin mechanism for the frame, a con- -the key.

locking means on the main frame for holdin the shift frame in upper case position, said first-mentioned locking means being releasable by said key-operated means upon depresfon of the key and said last-mentioned locking means being releasable by said key-operated means upon release of 1 5.,n aty writing machine, the combination of a s ift-frame, a shifting mechanlsm therefor, and a continuously-running motor means adapted to actuatesaid meehanism when connected thereto, key-c'on trolled means forv connecting the motor means to the lshifting mechanism to thus shift the shift-frame, `said shifting mechanism embodying means whereby the motor means is automatically disconnected therefrom after the shifting movement has been completed, a latch independent of the shiftfr ing mechanism for holding the shifting mechanism in its shifted position, and another key-controlled mechanism Vfor releasing the latch to thus permit the shift-frame andthe shifting mechanism to return to normal. p

16. In a typewriting machine, the combination of `a main frame, a shift frame, an upper-case'latch and a lower-case latch pivotally mounted on the main frame normally urged to locking position and arranged to hold the' shift frame in upper-case and lower-case positions respectively, a controlkey,

means operated by said key when the key is depressed adapted to move the lower-case latch to release position and permita locking movement of the upper-case latch, said key-operated means belng vadapted when the key is released to move ,the upper-case latch to release position and permlt a locking movement of the lower-case latch, and motor-operated means controlled by said key-operated means for moving the shift ame. f

ond day of May, A. D. 1919. v

MANSFIELD o. CRAWLEY.

This specification signed thistwenty sec- 

